Deformation Process of Forgings

 Deformation Process of Forgings

Stamped parts refer to the process of shaping metalbillets into desired forms by applying force, along with heattreatment in forging processes. Forging isa critical metal-forming method used to produce components with complex shapes,excellent mechanical properties, and high surface quality.

Below are thegeneral steps in the deformation process of forging.

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Billet Preparation: Select suitable metal billets, typically with circular orsquare cross-sections. The billet dimensions and shape must meet the finalforging requirements.

Heating: Heatthe billet to an appropriate temperature to ensure sufficient plasticity. Thetemperature depends on the metal type and composition.

Cutting off: Placethe heated billet into forging dies and cut it into suitable shapes and sizesbased on the forging’s design.

Preforging:Perform preliminary forging to adapt the billet to the die shape and reducesubsequent forging force


Forging: Applypressure between dies to deform the billet into the desired shape. Forging canbe cold or hot, depending onthe metal properties and target geometry.

Trimming:Post-forging adjustments may include removing excess material,correcting shapedeviations, or repairing surface defects.

HeatTreatment: Processes like annealing, normalizing, or quenching may followto enhance mechanical properties.

Testingand Inspection: Conduct dimensional, surface quality, chemical, and mechanicaltests to ensure compliance.

Final Processing: Apply surface treatments or coatings to meet specificapplication requirements.

Forging is widelyused to produce automotive, aerospace, and industrial machinery components.Advancements in technology, such as CNC forging and precisionforging, continue to refine the process.

Developing Deformation Process Specifications isthe most critical step in free forging. This involves determining the sequenceof primary, auxiliary, and corrective operations, as well as intermediatebillet dimensions. Different specifications yield varying outcomes: somesimplify deformation steps, save time, and ensure dimensional accuracy, whileothers may complicate the process. The optimal sequence depends on theforging’s shape, size, technical requirements, and production conditions (e.g.,hammer forging vs. hydraulic press forging for hollow parts).

Key Considerations for Designing Process Billet Dimensions

(1) Process dimensions must comply with operational rules, e.g.,the height-to-diameter ratio for upsetting should be less than 2.5–3.

(2) Account for dimensional changes during deformation (e.g.,height reduction during punching or height increase during hole expansion).

(3) Ensure adequate volume distribution across sections (e.g.,through indentation or shoulder pressing

(4) Reserve trimming allowances for final finishing to addressshrinkage or defects from indentation, punching, or misalignment

(5) For large forgings requiring multiple heating cycles, planintermediate heating steps

(6) For long axis forgings requiringprecise longitudinal dimensions, anticipate slight elongation during trimming.


http://www.forging-shafts.com/Deformation-Process-of-Forgings.html

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